Cylinder for internal-combustion engines



A. J. ROWLEDGE.

CYLINDER FOR INTERNAL COIVIBUSTION ENGINES. APPLICATION FILED AUG.II.I9I9.

II, 3%8A5 l Patented Aug. 3, E92@ 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

ARTI-IUE JOI-IN ROWLEDGE, OF LONDON, ENGLAND, ASSIGNGR T0 NAIIER t SONLIMITED, 0F LONDON, ENGLAND.

CYLINDER FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES.

iaaasi.

Application filed August 11, 1919.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that l, ARTHUR JOHN Row- Lunes, subject of the King ofEngland, residing at London, in England, have invented ertain new anduseful Improvements in Cylinders for Internal-Combustion Engines,

ot' which the following is a specification.

T his invention relates to cylinders for multicylinder internalcombustion engines and has for its object to provide a simpler, lighterand cheaper construction of cylinders of the type in which the ca stingwhich forms the head of the cylinder is detachable and comprises a waterjacket for the head and adjacent parts which has no direct connectionwith the jacket surrounding the body of the cylinder. A construction ofthis type is embodied in the specification of the present applicantsprior application for U. S. Letters Patent Serial No. 261754: liled 8thNovember 1918 and the present invention mainly constitutes animprovement on that earlier construction.

According to this invention a water jacketed integral casting formed ofaluminium or aluminium alloy constitutes the heads of two or morecylinders the valve seats and inlet and exhaust passages being arrangedin this casting the underside of which is constructed to make aseparable gas tight joint with the ends ofthe cylinders. -The cylinderswhich are separate are open at both ends and externally flanged at oneend to make a gas tight joint with the head casting while at the otherends the cylinders are flanged to engage the crank case. Bolts extendfrom the crank case to the head casting and serve to secure the castingon the separate cylinders and to keep the latter in place. rlhe castingis preferably recessed so that the combustion space of' each cylinder isformed by and lies within this casting. Each cylinder is madeof, steeland is not only flanged at the one end where the water tight joint ismade with the head casting but is also flanged toward the opposite endso that when that end of the cylinder is inserted into the crank casethe flange will abut against the crank case. A lesser external flange isalso conveniently provided at some intermediate point in the length ofeach cylinder and to this flange is secured the lower part of a sheetmetal casing formcylinder.

Specficaton of Letters Patent. Piilltill hugo 3, i592@- Serial No.316,624.

ing the water jacket for the body of each jacket casing is secured tothe flange at the upper end of the cylinder. Suitable external waterpassages are arranged between 'the separate cylinder jackets and as theunder side of the water s1 ace in the head casting is completely closedthe inletsl and outlets for water to and from the head cast? ing and theackets of the cylinder bodies unite in common delivery and escapepassages arranged preferably at the ends olf the group of cylinders. lildesired the cylinders may all be inclosed in a sheet metal casing whichwill constitute a common jacket for all the cylinders in the group inplace ot separate jackets being provided as above mentioned for eachcylinder.

rl`he invention may be put into practice in various ways but theaccompanying drawings illustrate by way of example a convenientconstruction which may be adopted. In these drawings, i

Figure l is a vertical sectional elevation ot' one of the cylinders ofan internal combustion engine constructed in accordance with thisinvention. Y

Fig. 2 is a section on the line 2 2 in Fig. il looking in thedirectionot the arrows and is in effect an underside view of thecylinder head when detached.

Fig. 3 is a side view of portion or" an engine having detachablecylinders, part of the structure being shown in elevation and part beingshown in section.

Separate steel cylinders A to the required number are provided and eachhas formed on its exterior and at one end a flange B of suitable widththe upper face of which together with the end of the cylinder, which ispreferably slightly thickened, is flat to abut against and forni thenecessary gas tight joint with the head casting. Toward the other end ofthe cylinder and at a suit-l able distance from that end is an external`tlange C of substantial dimensions with a flat face adapted to bearagainst the face of the crank case D around an opening therein throughwhich the end A of the cylinder is passed.y At some point in the lengthof the cylinder approximately about half way along it is a smallexternal flange E which forms the lower end of the water 'The upper partof this water I manner described in the specification of' theY jacketwhich incloses the cylinder body. This jacket is constituted by a sheetmetal casing ll" conveniently constructed of' aluminium or aluminiumalloy or sheet steel the ends of which are permanently connected in someconvenient manner to the cylinder flange E and to the flange B at theupper end thereof. Thus each cylinder with its Water jacket can be madeup separately, suitable Water inlets and outlets being provided from thesides of tho cylinders and adapted to be contacte-:l togrther as forinstance after the prior U. S. patent application Serial No. LGlil abovereferred to.

The head casting Si' for the Whole of the cylinders in the group is anintegral construction of aluminium or aluminium alloy with Water spacessari-minding the inlet and exhaust passages and the openings in whichthe valve seats are fitted. P eferably these seatings are formed assleeves H which are screvved into the openings in the casting butalternatively they may he cast in place or shrunk in. ln the under sideof the head fasting are recesses fi each oil. which is of suolidimensions as to constitute the combustion space of the correspondingcylinder and a Water jacket space J is arranged around this recess.rllhe jacketing is completely closed in at the under part of the headcasting and the lower 'face of' this casting is formed to receive theflat ends of the separate cylinders.

The head casting G is connected to the cylinders and the latter kept inplace between the casting and the crank case by means of long bolts orstuds l which at their lower ends are carried by or pass through thecrank case D While their upper ends pass through a flange orrlugs G2 onconvenient parts of the head casting Gr the bolts being arrangedpreferably in pairs between the cylinders and toward the side of thecasting. rlie gas tight joint between the head casting and the severalcylinders is thus maintained by these bolts and at the same time thelatter serve to fix the cylinders in the crank case.

By adopting the above described construction it is possible tomanufacture the cylinders cheaper and lighter and moreover good heatconductivity is provided around the combustion spaces of the cylinders.The construction also permits of' the heads of the cylinders being takenoff Without necessitating the removal of the cylinders if it is desiredto examine the valves.

1W hat I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patentis 1. In a multicylinder internal combustion engine the combination of aplurality of separate cylinders each of' which is open at both ends, anexternal flange formed at one end of each cylinder and adapted to buttup against and make a gas tight joint with a head casting7 an externalflange formed toward the opposite end of each cylinder, a Waterjacketedintegral casting constituting detachable heads for all thecylinders in the set, valve seats and inlet and exhaust passages for theseveral cylinders in this head casting the under side of' which isformed so as to make a separable gas tight joint With the :flanged endsof the several cylinders, a crank case with separate openings into eachof which one end of a cylinder is `'inserted with the flange adjacent tothat end `oi" the cylinder butting up against the crank case, and aplurality of' bolts extend.- ing from the crank case to the detachablehead casting and serving to secure this casting on the cylinders andalso to keep the cylinders in place, as set forth.

2; ln a multicylinder internal combustion engine the combination of aplurality of separate cylinders each of' which is open at both ends, anVexternal flange formed at one end of each cylinder and adapted to buttup against and make a gas tight joint with a head casting, an externalflange formed toward the opposite end of each cylinder, a sheet metalWater jacket forming a casing which incloses each cylinder separately, awater j acketed integra-l casting constituting detachable heads for allcylinders in the set, recesses corresponding in number to the number ofcylinders in theV set and formed in the head casting so to constitutethe combustionV space of each cylinder, valve seatsand exhaust passagesfor the several cylinders in this head casting the under side of whichis yformed so as to make a separable gas..tight joint with the flangedends of the several cylinders, a crank caseV with separate openings intoeach of which one end of a cylinder is inserted With the flange adjacentto that end of the cylinder butting up against the crank case, and aplurality of' bolts extending Jfrom the crank case to the detachablehead casting and'serving to secure this casting on the cylinders andalso to keepthe cylinders in place as set forth.

ln testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

ARTHUR JOHN ROVLEDGE.

